Colitis is any inflammatory condition affecting the colon which can cause serious illness, significant discomfort, and disruption to everyday life. It’s important to recognize its symptoms early and understand the potential risks involved. In this blog, we will break down colitis in simple terms, discuss the symptoms of colitis, and go over common treatments available to manage this condition.
What is Colitis?
Colitis refers to inflammation of the colon (also known as the large intestine). When the colon becomes inflamed, it may cause any combination of abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, fever or blood in the stools. Causes of colitis which can be roughly divided into two categories:
- Infectious colitis can be caused by several types of viruses (such as norovirus or rotavirus), bacteria (such as salmonella, shigella, or campylobacter) or parasites (such as giardia or cryptosporidium). Infectious colitis usually starts suddenly after being exposed to sick people, or contaminated food or water. Fortunately, most of these cases of colitis are self-limited, or treatable with antibiotics, and completely resolve.
- Autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, cause more chronic illness and may last for years with a waxing and waning pattern. These also are more likely to cause complications and can even lead to death. While these conditions are more difficult to treat, there are several medications now available that can help to reduce the autoimmune reaction and subsequent colon inflammation. In rare cases surgical removal of the colon is required.
What are the Risk Factors for Colitis?
Several factors can increase your risk of developing colitis. While anyone can develop this condition, some individuals may be more prone due to the following risk factors:
- Family History: If a close relative has a history of autoimmune colitis or other inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), your chances of developing it are higher.
- Age: Colitis often affects younger individuals between the ages of 15 and 30, though it can appear at any age.
- Environmental Factors: Living in developed countries, dense urban areas, drinking well water not treated with chlorine, or living in environments with higher pollution levels can increase the likelihood of developing colitis since there is a greater risk of exposure to contaminated water or food.
- Lifestyle: Smoking, stress, and a diet high in processed foods can all contribute to the development or worsening of colitis symptoms.
Symptoms of Colitis
Recognizing the symptoms of colitis is crucial for seeking timely medical care. If you are experiencing any of the following symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional:
- Abdominal Pain and Cramps: Pain in the lower abdomen is one of the most common symptoms of colitis. It can range from mild discomfort to severe, usually cramp-like pain. We all experience these symptoms from time to time, but if they are particularly severe, or continue for more than a day or two, it’s time to see a doctor.
- Diarrhea: Frequent and urgent trips to the bathroom, often accompanied by watery or loose stools, are a very common symptom. In some cases, diarrhea may contain blood, which is of greater concern.
- Fatigue and Fever: Inflammation can cause your body to become fatigued. Some people may also experience a low-grade fever as the body tries to fight the inflammation. Any abdominal pain or diarrhea associated with fever greater than 100.4 degrees should be evaluated by a doctor.
- Sudden Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss is another symptom that may indicate colitis if it’s paired with other diarrhea or abdominal pain.
- Rectal Bleeding: Blood in your stool or rectal bleeding may be a sign of severe colitis that needs medical attention.
Treatments for Colitis
Depending on the cause of colitis, several treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Your doctor may recommend one or more of the following options:
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and antibiotics are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and control the immune system’s response.
- Dietary Changes: Adjusting your diet is a crucial part of managing colitis. A low-fiber or low-residue diet can help reduce irritation in the colon, especially during flare-ups. Some colitis can be related to food allergies.
- Stress Management: Learning how to manage stress through techniques like mindfulness or therapy can help prevent stress-related flare-ups of colitis symptoms.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove damaged portions of the colon. This is usually reserved for patients who don’t respond to other treatments.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you are experiencing persistent symptoms of colitis or any alarming signs like rectal bleeding or significant weight loss, seek medical attention right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the condition from worsening.
CapRock Health provides comprehensive evaluation for colitis and other gastrointestinal conditions. If you think you may have colitis, our specialists are here to help. Contact us today for more information or to schedule an appointment.