November is Diabetes Awareness Month, a time to raise awareness about diabetes and provide education about prevention, management, and treatment. At CapRock Health, we are motivated to help our community understand and manage this condition, which affects many in our community.
What is Diabetes?
Blood sugar (glucose) is essential for the function of our bodies as it is a primary energy source. We all would like more energy, so higher blood sugar levels should be a good thing, right? Not so! Blood sugar levels must be maintained within a certain range because blood sugars that are too high or too low cause serious health problems acutely or chronically. The conditions of chronically elevated blood sugars is called diabetes mellitus, often shortened to just diabetes.
Types of Diabetes
There are several types of diabetes that have unique causes and treatments.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Without insulin, sugar in the blood cannot move into cells causing the cells to starve and the blood sugar levels to elevate. This type of diabetes is typically diagnosed in children and young adults, but it can develop at any age. People with Type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to control their blood sugar levels.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is more common and often develops in adults, although it is becoming more frequent in children due to rising obesity rates. In Type 2 diabetes, the body typically cannot use insulin effectively. This type is closely linked to obesity, lifestyle factors like diet and physical activity, and it can sometimes be managed with healthy habits and oral medication. Importantly, some Type 2 diabetics need insulin treatment, too.
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes occurs only during pregnancy. Though it typically resolves after childbirth, mothers who had gestational diabetes are at significantly increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life. Furthermore, elevated blood sugar during pregnancy is dangerous for both the mother and the baby. Therefore, pregnant women with gestational diabetes need to control their blood sugar levels closely to protect both their health and the health of their baby.
Symptoms of Diabetes
While symptoms can vary between types, common signs of diabetes include:
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Extreme fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Unexplained weight loss (Type 1)
- Slow-healing wounds
- Frequent infections
If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider.
Managing and Treating Diabetes
Lifestyle Changes
For people with Type 2 diabetes, diet and exercise play an essential role in managing blood sugar levels. Eating a balanced diet low in sugar and processed foods and engaging in regular physical activity can help maintain stable blood sugar levels. Weight loss can reduce the severity of Type 2 diabetes, as well.
Oral Medications and Insulin
For those with Type 1 diabetes, insulin is necessary to control blood sugar and avoid deadly complications. Type 2 diabetics may need insulin, but can often control their blood sugars with oral medications, at least initially.
Monitoring Blood Sugar
Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is key for managing diabetes. People with diabetes often use blood sugar meters or continuous glucose monitors to track their levels throughout the day. This data helps patients and healthcare providers control blood sugars on a daily basis and also make informed decisions about treatment adjustments.
Support and Education During Diabetes Awareness Month
Diabetes management can be overwhelming, but you don’t have to face it alone. During Diabetes Awareness Month, take advantage of community resources, educational programs, and support groups. CapRock Health offers comprehensive evaluation for diabetics and can manage the complications associated with it.
If you feel you have undiagnosed diabetes, or if you are concerned you are experiencing one of the complications of diabetes, CapRock has two locations available 24/7 with doctors and nurses experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of such problems.