The human respiratory tract is constantly in contact with the air we breathe, and thereby provides a location for infection to enter our bodies. Infections of the respiratory tract are roughly divided into several categories based on the primary location of the infection. The “common cold” mostly involves the nose and pharynx (throat) and is referred to as an “upper airway infection” or URI. Infection of the larger airways of the lungs produce tracheitis or bronchitis. The airways terminate into the air sacks (alveoli) where oxygen enters our blood , an infection in this area is called pneumonia. In this blog, we will discuss the symptoms of pneumonia as well as treatments.
Pneumonia is serious because infection of the alveoli causes damage to the tissue and leads to fluid filling the air sacks. It is the most common cause of admission to the hospital for adults and kills 50,000 Americans each year, which is about the same as the number of Americans who die in automobile accidents, Since pneumonia is almost always more serious than bronchitis or upper airway infections, it is important to know how to recognize pneumonia early on and seek treatment promptly.
Common Symptoms of Pneumonia
Pneumonia symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on factors such as age, overall health, and the type of pneumonia. Common symptoms include:
- Cough: Often producing phlegm or mucus, which can be yellow, green, or even blood-tinged. Darker colored phlegm or blood-tinged sputum is more likely to indicate pneumonia.
- Fever: A high temperature that can be accompanied by chills and sweating.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling breathless even when resting.
- Chest Pain: Sharp or stabbing pain that worsens with deep breaths or coughing.
- Fatigue: A general feeling of tiredness and weakness.
- Nausea, Vomiting, or Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal symptoms can also occur, especially in older adults.
As compared to upper respiratory infections, pneumonia is more likely to produce fever, shortness of breath and chest pain.
Causes of Pneumonia
Pneumonia can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common causes are:
- Bacterial Pneumonia: Often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae that is already living in our throats. If it remains in our throats it is usually harmless. But if it finds its way into the alveoli, it can cause pneumonia. This can develop on its own or after a cold or flu. Most bacterial pneumonia is not contagious, but the viral infections that often precede pneumonia are.
- Viral Pneumonia: Caused by viruses like influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the coronavirus (COVID-19). While these viruses most often cause common cold-like symptoms, if they move into the alveoli, they can also cause pneumonia.
- Fungal Pneumonia: More common in people with weakened immune systems, this type can be caused by fungi found in soil or bird droppings.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A medical team uses a combination of medical history, physical exams, and diagnostic tests to diagnose pneumonia. Common diagnostic methods include:
- Chest X-ray: To look for signs of inflammation and fluid in the lungs.
- Blood Tests: To check for infection and identify the causative organism.
- Sputum Test: Analyzing mucus from the lungs to determine the cause of infection.
Treatment Options
Treatment for pneumonia depends on the type and severity of the infection:
- Bacterial Pneumonia: Typically treated with antibiotics. It’s important to complete the full course even if symptoms improve.
- Viral Pneumonia: Generally managed with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. Antiviral medications are currently available for pneumonia caused by influenza or COVID-19 may be prescribed in some cases.
- Fungal Pneumonia: Treated with antifungal medications.
For severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.
Preventing Pneumonia
Here are some tips to help protect yourself and your loved ones:
- Vaccination: Vaccines are available for the following bacteria and viruses which encompass the majority of cases of pneumonia. Keeping your vaccines UTD is very effective at reducing pneumonia:
- Influenza vaccine
- COVID-19 vaccine and boosters
- RSV vaccine
- Pneumococcal vaccine (also called just “pneumonia vaccine”)
- Haemophilus Influenza vaccine (usually only provided to children)
- Good Hygiene: Wash hands regularly and avoid close contact with sick individuals.
- Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking to strengthen your immune system.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you or a loved one exhibits symptoms of pneumonia, it’s important to seek medical care immediately. Symptoms to watch for include:
- Persistent cough with phlegm
- High fever with chills
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing
- Severe fatigue
Avoiding the Risk of Unnecessary Antibiotics
When needed, antibiotics are a crucial part of treating pneumonia. But as with all medications, antibiotics come with side-effects and risks. When they are needed, they can be life-saving. When they are not needed, they only stand to increase your risk of untoward side effects. Furthermore, inappropriate antibiotics use contributes to antibiotic resistance in you and your community. Around 35,000 Americans die each year due to such antibiotic resistant infections.
To avoid the risks of unnecessary antibiotics, it’s important to work with your health care provider to explore the risks and benefits in each situation and follow your provider’s advice.
Your Partner in Respiratory Health
At CapRock Health, we provide state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment services for all emergency conditions, including pneumonia. Our experienced medical team is here to support you through every step of your recovery. Don’t hesitate to contact us if you have any concerns about respiratory health.
By understanding the symptoms of pneumonia and taking preventive measures, you can protect yourself and those around you.